Customs & Culture
Household Gods and Teraphim
Teraphim were household cult objects or images associated with domestic religion and, in some settings, divination. Their precise forms and functions varied.
Primary Scripture
Historical and Cultural Background
Rachel stole Laban's teraphim, Micah maintained household cult objects, and Michal used a teraphim in David's bed. Other texts associate teraphim with divination. Comparative evidence confirms widespread domestic cult practices.
Biblical Examples
Key biblical examples include Genesis 31:19-35; Judges 17:5; 1 Samuel 19:13-16; 2 Kings 23:24; Ezekiel 21:21; Zechariah 10:2.
Biblical Significance
Teraphim illustrate the persistence of household religion and syncretism and explain why idolatrous objects could remain embedded in family life.
Common Misconceptions
It is not established that Rachel stole the teraphim because possession automatically conveyed inheritance rights.
Historical Setting and Evidence
Culture: Ancient Near Eastern, Mesopotamian, Israelite
Period: Patriarchal Period, Conquest and Judges, United Monarchy
Evidence: Well Attested
Interpretive Importance: Major
The biblical evidence for teraphim is clear; their exact appearance and legal significance are less certain.