In a kinship society, the goel could function as an avenger of blood for a slain relative. Torah law places this duty within judicial procedures and provides asylum for accidental killers.
Customs & Culture
Cities of Refuge and Blood Avenger
Cities of refuge provided protected locations for a person who killed unintentionally while the case was distinguished from deliberate murder and blood vengeance.
Primary Scripture
Historical and Cultural Background
Biblical Examples
Numbers and Deuteronomy establish the system, and Joshua designates the refuge cities after Israel enters the land.
Biblical Significance
The institution shows biblical law restraining cycles of private vengeance by distinguishing manslaughter from murder and requiring legal adjudication.
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Common Misconceptions
A city of refuge was not a sanctuary for a proven murderer; intentional killing remained subject to judgment.
Historical Setting and Evidence
Culture: Israelite
Period: Exodus and Wilderness, Conquest and Judges, United Monarchy, Divided Monarchy, Kingdom of Judah
Evidence: Well Attested
Interpretive Importance: Essential
Directly legislated in Torah and implemented narratively in Joshua.
Scripture References
Related Information
Sources
Numbers 35; Deuteronomy 19; Joshua 20