Bible Dictionary
Alexandria, Or Alexandria
Alexandria was a major Egyptian port and center of Jewish, Greek, and Christian life. Jews from the city had a synagogue in Jerusalem, and the city was associated with the Septuagint translation.
Definition
Alexandria, also called Alexandria, was a major Egyptian city founded by Alexander the Great. It became the Hellenic, Roman, and Christian capital of Egypt and was distinguished by great wealth, population, commerce, learning, and a renowned library.
Biblical Usage
The New Testament associates Alexandria with Apollos, Alexandrian Jews in Jerusalem, and ships on which Paul traveled. The Septuagint translation of the Old Testament was made there, beginning about 285 BC.
Historical Background
The city stood on the Mediterranean opposite Pharos and became one of Rome’s chief corn-ports. Its population was mixed, including a large Jewish community. It still bore the same name in the source’s description and remained a thriving metropolis.
Scripture References
Related Figures
Historical Bible Dictionaries
Smith's Bible Dictionary
(from Alexander), 3 Ma 3:1; (Acts 18:24; 6:9) the Hellenic, Roman and Christian capital of Egypt. Situation .— (Alexandria was situated on the Mediterranean Sea directly opposite the island of Pharos, 12 miles west of the Canopic branch of the Nile and 120 miles from the present city of Cairo.) It was founded by Alexander the Great, B.C. 332, who himself traced the ground plan of the city. The work thus begun was continued after the death of Alexander by the Ptolemies. Description .— Under the despotism of the later Ptolemies the trade of Alexandria declined, but its population and wealth were enormous. Its importance as one of the chief corn-ports of Rome secured for it the general favor of the first emperors. Its population was mixed from the first. According to Josephus Alexander himself assigned to the Jews a place in his new city. Philo estimated the number of the Alexandrine Jews in his time at a little less than 1,000,000 and adds that two of the five districts of Alexandria were called “Jewish districts,” and that many Jews lived scattered in the remaining three. “For a long period Alexandria was the greatest of known cities.” After Rome became the chief city of the world, Alexandria ranked second to Rome in wealth and importance, and second to Athens only in literature and science. Its collection of books grew to be the greatest library of ancient times, and contained at one time 700,000 rolls or volumes. Here was made the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek, begun about B.C. 285, especially in grain, was very great. According to the common legend, St. Mark first “preached the gospel in Egypt, and founded the first church in Alexandria.” At the beginning of the second century the number of Christians at Alexandria must have been very large, and the great leaders of Gnosticism who arose there (Basilides, Valentinus) exhibit an exaggeration of the tendency of the Church. PRESENT CONDITION. The city still bears the same name and is a thriving metropolis, with inhabitants from nearly every European and Oriental nation. Cleopatra’s needle, set up by Thotmes in 1500 B.C., was found in Alexandria.