Bible Dictionary
SURNAME
A surname is an additional name or title. Family surnames were not customary among the Hebrews, but biblical people could receive honorary, descriptive, or distinguishing names such as Peter, Mark, Justus, and Boanerges.
Biblical Usage
People called by additional names include Simon Peter, John Mark, Judas Iscariot, Barsabbas Justus, and Judas Barsabbas. Jesus gave Simon the name Peter and James and John the name Boanerges. The Old Testament also uses the term for honorary titles and enrollment by Israel’s name.