The Medieval Bible — Vernacular Translations

Old English Biblical Translation and Paraphrase

Seventh-eleventh centuries

Anglo-Saxon Christians translated, paraphrased, and glossed biblical material in Old English centuries before Wycliffe.

Full Account

Caedmon's biblical poetry, Bede's reported translation of John, interlinear Gospel glosses, Alfred's use of biblical law, and the Old English Hexateuch represent different ways Scripture entered the vernacular.

Most were selections or individual books, not a complete Bible. They nevertheless show that Latin-only access was never absolute and that teachers sought to communicate Scripture in familiar language.

Historical Significance

Old English biblical literature prepared a long English tradition of vernacular engagement with Scripture.

People, Places and Sources

Key people: Caedmon; Bede; Alfred the Great; Aelfric; Anglo-Saxon scribes
Key places: Northumbria; Wessex; English monasteries
Languages: English, Latin