The Medieval Bible — Vernacular Translations

French Vernacular Bibles

Twelfth-fifteenth centuries

Biblical books and expansive Bible histories circulated in Old and Middle French among clergy, nobles, and other literate readers.

Full Account

French translations commonly depended on the Vulgate and were often accompanied by interpretation, commentary, or historical expansion. The Bible historiale of Guyart des Moulins became especially influential.

These works did not always separate biblical text from explanatory material in a modern fashion. They nevertheless brought large portions of scriptural history into a major vernacular literary culture.

Historical Significance

French translations broadened lay access and influenced biblical literature in neighboring languages.

People, Places and Sources

Key people: Guyart des Moulins; anonymous translators and patrons
Key places: France; Flanders; French-speaking courts and cities
Languages: French, Latin