Origins of Israel’s Scriptures — Biblical Composition

Josiah's Reform and the Book of the Law

c. 640-609 BC; reform c. 622 BC
A Visit With Jesus

A neglected Book of the Law was found during temple repairs, leading Josiah to humble himself, renew the covenant, and reform Judah's worship.

Full Account

Second Kings 22-23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35 report the discovery of the Book of the Law in the temple. Hilkiah found an existing covenant document; the narrative presents neither Hilkiah nor Josiah as composing it. When it was read, Josiah recognized Judah's guilt under commands and judgments already binding upon the nation.

The book has strong connections with Deuteronomy and may have been a copy of Deuteronomy or a larger portion of the Mosaic Torah. Some modern reconstructions claim that it was newly composed to authorize Josiah's reform, but that conclusion goes beyond the account and remains disputed. The biblical presentation is one of recovery, recognition, repentance, and obedience to the Law of Moses.

Historical Significance

Josiah's response shows that written covenant law possessed authority over king and nation. The reform illustrates rediscovery and renewed obedience, not the creation of Scripture for political convenience.

People, Places and Sources