Idumea
Religion and Culture
Idumean religious life combined continuity and change. Personal names invoking Qos, a deity associated with Edom, appear in inscriptions, while archaeological evidence at Maresha also reflects Greek, Phoenician, and other traditions. Communities spoke and wrote languages including Aramaic and Greek. After the Hasmonean conquest, many inhabitants became associated with Jewish religious life, though the details of that process remain debated.