Explore the kingdoms, city-states, and peoples whose histories intersected with Israel and the Bible.
Maacah
kingdom
A small northern kingdom or chiefdom mentioned in the Bible, especially as an ally of Ammon against David. Its precise location and relationship to Abel Beth Maacah remain uncertain.
Zobah
kingdom
Zobah was an Aramean kingdom remembered for its king Hadadezer and conflicts with Saul and David. Its exact location and archaeological identification remain uncertain.
Hamath
kingdom
Hamath was a major kingdom on the Orontes River in Syria, known for its relations with Israel, its kings Irhuleni and Zakkur, and its struggle against Assyria.
Tyre
kingdom
Tyre was a powerful Phoenician maritime kingdom whose kings traded with Israel, supplied materials for Solomon’s Temple, and later faced Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, and Macedonian domination.
Sidon
kingdom
Sidon was an ancient Phoenician maritime kingdom whose ships, craftsmen, kings, and religious traditions influenced the biblical world. It remained important under Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, and Greek rule.
Byblos
kingdom
An ancient Phoenician coastal kingdom famous for cedar trade, its connections with Egypt, and royal inscriptions that illuminate the development of alphabetic writing.
Biblical Kingdoms and Territories
The biblical world included many neighboring kingdoms and peoples whose stories intersected with Israel and Judah.
These records explain their geography, rulers, history, and appearances in Scripture.
Historical dates and political boundaries are sometimes uncertain; the individual entries explain those limitations.