Some statements made by Jesus can sound startling, puzzling, or even contradictory when they are separated from their language, setting, and biblical background. This collection examines those difficult sayings directly.
Each entry explains why the saying has caused difficulty, presents interpretations that have received serious consideration, and offers an assessment of what the saying most likely means.
Why is this difficult? What actually belongs to Caesar, what belongs to God, and where does Jesus place the boundary between the two?
Why is this difficult? What does Jesus mean by eating his flesh and drinking his blood, especially given the shocking nature of such language to his hearers?
A difficult saying is not necessarily an obscure saying. Sometimes the difficulty comes from an unfamiliar figure of speech, a first-century custom, or a biblical reference that Jesus' first hearers would have recognized more readily than we do.
Other sayings raise genuine interpretive or theological questions on which careful readers have reached different conclusions.
These studies try to distinguish what can be explained with confidence from what remains debated.