
Merneptah
Regnal Name: Baenre-Merynetjeru
New Kingdom
19th Dynasty
1213-1203 BC
Son and successor of Ramesses II, Merneptah is especially important to biblical history because his victory stela contains the earliest widely accepted extra-biblical reference to Israel.
Seti II
Regnal Name: Userkheperure-Setepenre
New Kingdom
19th Dynasty
c. 1203-1197 BC
Seti II ruled during a troubled period near the end of the 19th Dynasty, when royal succession and control of Egypt were contested. His reign was complicated by the rival rule of Amenmesse and reflects the growing instability of the late dynasty.
Amenmesse
Regnal Name: Menmire-Setepenre
New Kingdom
19th Dynasty
c. 1202-1199 BC
Amenmesse was a rival pharaoh who controlled at least part of Egypt during the troubled succession of the late 19th Dynasty. His origins and exact relationship to Seti II remain uncertain, and many of his monuments were later altered or usurped.
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