
Ptolemy V Epiphanes
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
204-180 BC
Ptolemy V Epiphanes became king as a child during a period of political weakness and territorial loss. His coronation and royal benefactions were commemorated in the decree preserved on the Rosetta Stone, one of the most famous surviving documents from ancient Egypt.
Ptolemy VI Philometor
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
c. 180-145 BC
Ptolemy VI Philometor ruled during a turbulent period dominated by conflict with the Seleucid Empire and disputes within the Ptolemaic royal family. His reign included invasions of Egypt by Antiochus IV and periods of shared or contested rule with members of his own dynasty.
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
170-163 BC; 145-116 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II ruled Egypt during decades of intense dynastic rivalry involving his sister Cleopatra II and niece Cleopatra III. His long and often turbulent reign illustrates the increasingly bitter internal struggles that weakened the later Ptolemaic monarchy.
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