
Ptolemy X Alexander I
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
c. 107-88 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander I gained the Egyptian throne during the dynastic struggles that displaced his brother Ptolemy IX. His troubled reign depended heavily on court politics and military support, and he was eventually driven from Egypt and killed.
Berenice III
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
81-80 BC
Berenice III was a popular Ptolemaic queen who briefly ruled Egypt in her own right after the death of her father, Ptolemy IX. Her reign ended when she was forced to marry Ptolemy XI, who had her killed shortly afterward and was himself slain by an enraged Alexandrian populace.
Ptolemy XI Alexander II
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
80 BC
Ptolemy XI Alexander II briefly became king through a politically arranged marriage to Berenice III. After ordering her murder only weeks into his reign, he provoked an uprising in Alexandria and was killed by the city's population.
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