
Cleopatra II
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
c. 175-116 BC
Cleopatra II was a powerful Ptolemaic queen who ruled alongside several members of her family and at times exercised authority in her own right. Her career was marked by prolonged dynastic conflict, particularly with her brother and husband Ptolemy VIII.
Cleopatra III
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
c. 142-101 BC
Cleopatra III was an influential Ptolemaic queen who shared power with Ptolemy VIII and later with her sons Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X. She played a dominant role in the increasingly complex and often violent dynastic politics of late Ptolemaic Egypt.
Ptolemy IX Soter II
Ptolemaic Period
Ptolemaic Dynasty
116-107 BC; 88-81 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II ruled Egypt in two separate periods amid prolonged conflict within the Ptolemaic royal family. His reign was repeatedly challenged by his mother Cleopatra III, his brother Ptolemy X, and the political instability of the declining dynasty.
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